UNIT 1 PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY

PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY

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PSYCHOTHERAPY

• An interaction between a trained therapist and someone suffering from psychological difficulties.

PSYCHOANALYSIS

• Free Dissociation (Free writing)
• Dream Hypnosis
• Friends used free association, hypnosis, and dream interpretation to gain insight into the client’s unconscious

TRANSFERENCE

• In a psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with out other relationships.

HUMANISTIC THERAPY

• “Focus on you”
• Focuses on people’s potential for self- fulfilment (Self actualization)
• Focuses on the present and future (Not the past)
• Focus on conscious thoughts (Not unconscious one)
• Take responsibility for your actions

CARL ROGERS CREATED- TECHNOLOGY

• Client (Person) Centered therapy
• Therapist should use genuineness acceptance and empathy to show unconditional positive regard towards their client.

ACTIVE LISTENING

• Empathetic listening where the listener echoes, recreated and Clarifies
• Linked to Carl Rogers centered therapy

BEHAVIOR THERAPY

• Applies learning principle to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

EXAMPLE

• Supernanny techniques.

SYSTEMATIC DECENTRALIZATION

• A type of counterconditioning that associated a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety triggering stimuli
• Touching what scares you (Come face to face)

AVERSIVE CONDITIONING

• A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
• Poop and biting nails

OPERANT CONDITIONING

• Token Economy- an operant conditioning procedure that rewards a desired behavior
• Money and good grades.

COGNITIVE THERAPIES

• A therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumptions that thoughts intervene between events and out emotional reaction

GROUP THERAPY

• AAA Anonymous
• Suffering from the same issue.

UNIT 1 PERSONALITY DISORDER

PERSONALITY DISORDER\

PERSONALITY DISORDER

• Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER

• Characterized by a distrust of others and constant suspicion that people around you have sinister motives.

ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER

• Characterized by lack of conscience
• Belief that their victims are weak and deserving of being taken advantage of.

• Tend to lie and steal
• EXAMPLE: Careless with money, take action without thinking of consequence.

BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER

• Characterized by mood instability to poor self-image.
• Prone to constant mood swings and bouts of anger.

HISTRIONIC PERSONALITY DISORDER

• Constant attention seekers
• They may dress provocatively or exaggerate illness in order to gain attention
• Exaggerate friendships and relationships sometimes even stories.

NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER

• Characterized by self centeredness
• Exaggerate their achievements
• Choosy about picking friends

SCHIZOID PERSONALITY

• Avoid relationship and do not show emotion
• Prefer to be alone and hates popularity or to be the center of attention
• Tend to seek that require little social contact
• Weak Social Skills
• Humorless and Distant
• Termed “Loners”

SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY

• Mild form of Schizophrenia
• Characterized by a need for social isolation, odd behavior and thinking, and often unconventional beliefs such as being convinced of having extra sensory abilities.

AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER

• Characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition feelings of inadequacy, and extremely sensitive to Negative education.
• Socially- bad or personally unappealing, and avoid social interaction for fear of being ridiculed or humiliated.

DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER

• Characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people.
• Has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others.

OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER (OCPD)

• Characterized by a general psychological inflexibility, rigid conformity to rules and procedures, perfectionism, and excessive orderliness
• Tend to stress perfectionism above all else and feel anxious when they perceive that things aren't “right”.

UNIT 1 SOMATOFORM DISORDERS

SOMATOFORM DISORDERS

*Occurs when a person manifests a psychological problem through a psychological symptom.

TWO TYPES DEFINITION

• Hypochondriasis

• Has frequent physical complaints for which medical doctors are unable to locate the cause.
• Usually believe that minor issues such as headaches or stomach aches may be indicative to a serious illness.

• Conversion Disorder

• Reports the existence of severe physical problems with no biological reason.
• Example: Blindness, paralysis

• Dissociative Disorder

• Disorder in which conscious awareness becomes separated (Dissociated) from previous memories thoughts and feelings.

• Dissociative Amnesia

• This Disorder is characterized by a blocking out of critical personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature.
• Unlike other types of amnesia , does not result from other medical trauma (Blow to head)

• Dissociative Fugue

• An individual with a Dissociative Fugue suddenly and unexpectedly takes physically leave of his or her surroundings and sets off on a journey of some kind.
• Journey can last hours or even several months.
• An individual in a fugue state is unaware of or confused about his identity, and in some cases will assume a new identity. (although this is the exception)

• Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

• A rare Dissociative Disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.
• Also known as Multi Personality disorder. *Multiple Personalities*

• TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

1. Paranoid Schizophrenia

• Preoccupation with delusions of hallucinations
• Example: “Somebody is out to get me”

     2.   Disorganized Schizophrenia

• Disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion.

     3.   Catatonic Schizophrenia

• Parrot like repeating of another’s speech and movements (Motionless)

     4.   Undifferentiated

• Many varied symptoms Schizophrenia

UNIT 1 MOOD DISORDERS

MOOD DISORDERS

Definition: Characterized by emotional extremes

• Psychological Disorder

Depression: The common cold of psychological disorders.

Major Depressive Disorder: A person, for no apparent reason experiences two or more weeks of depressive moods.

• Includes feelings of worthlessness and diminishes interest of pleasure in most activities.

Dysthymic Disorder: Suffering from mild depression everyday for at least two years.

Seasonal Affective Disorder: Experience during the winter months.

• Based not on temperature, but on amount of sunlight.
• Treated with light therapy

BIPOLAR DISORDERS

Definitions: A person alternated between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the over excited state of mania. (TWO EXTREMES)

SCHIZOPHRENIA

• How Prevalent? - About 1 in every 100 people are diagnosed.
• Symptoms

• Disorganized thinking, Disturbed Perceptions, Inappropriate emotions and actions
• Example: Laughing at a funeral

1. DISORGANIZED THINKING

• The thinking of a person with Schizophrenia is fragmented and bizarre and distorted with false beliefs.
• Comes from a breakdown in selective attention
• Can not filter information out

CAUSES

• DELUSIONS (False beliefs)

• Delusions of persecution (Out to get me)
• Delusions of Grandeur (I am Jesus)

• DISTURBED PERCEPTION (Hallucinations)

• Sensory experiences without sensory stimulation.

• INAPPROPRIATE EMOTIONS AND ACTIONS

• Laugh at inappropriate things
• Flat Affect
• Senseless
• Compulsive Acts
• Catatonia- Motionless, Wavy, Flexibility

• Positive Vs Negative Symptoms

• Presence of inappropriate symptoms
• Negative
• Absence of appropriate symptoms