Monday, April 23, 2018

UNIT IV: THE BRAIN


SENSORY NEURONS/ MOTOR NEURONS/ INTERNEURONS


SENSORY OR AFFERENT NEURONS
  • Taking information from the senses to the brain.
EXAMPLE
  • How quick do you react?
INTERNEURONS
  • Takes messages from the sensory Neurons to the other parts of the brain or to the motor Neuron.
EXAMPLE
  • A gossip
MOTOR NEURONS
  • Takes information from the brain to the rest of the body.
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
What two parts make up the nervous system?
  • The peripheral and the Central
Which part is the nervous system is encased in bone?
  • The Spinal Cord
What are the two central parts of the Nervous System?
  • Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral
  • Automatic and Somatic
Automatic
  • Controls self regulated action of internal organs and glands.
Somatic
  • Controls voluntary movements of the skeletal muscle.
What is the Sympathetic Nervous System?
  • Flight or Fight response
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Pupil dilate, Inhibits digestions, Stimulates Norepinephrine
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
What does the Endocrine System mean?
  • A system of glands that secrete hormones.
  • Similar to the Nervous system, except hormones work a lot slower than neurotransmitters
QUICK FACT
  • Hormones are slow
  • Neurotransmitters are fast
PARTS OF THE BRAIN
Image result for parts of the brain
HINDE BRAIN
  • The structure on tip of our spinal cord
  • Controls our basic biological structures



PARTS OF THE HINDBRAIN
Medulla
  • Located above the spinal cord
  • It controls your heartbeat, blood pressure, and breathing
Pons
  • Alarm Clock
  • Located above the Medulla
  • Connects the Hindbrain with the Midbrain and the Forebrain
  • Involved in Facial Expression
Cerebellum
  • Located at the bottom rear of the brain
  • Known as the little brain
  • Influences memory and learning
  • Coordinated voluntary muscle movement and balance
PARTS OF THE MIDBRAIN
What is the function of the Midbrain?
  • To coordinate simple movements with sensory information
Important structure….
  • Reticular Formation/ Activation (Controls arousal and our ability to focus)
Function
  • What makes us human
  • The largest part of the brain
  • Made up of the Thalamus, Cerebral Cortex, and the Limbic System
Image result for parts of the brain
PARTS OF FOREBRAIN
  • Thalamus
  • Switch brain of the brain
  • Does many different things at the same time (Multitasking)
  • Relays sensory information except the sense of smell
  • Receives Sensory signals from the Spinal Cord and sends them to other parts of the Forebrain.
LIMBIC SYSTEM
  • Hypothalamus
  • Most important structure in your brain
  • Controls and regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, and the Endocrine System.
  • Hippocampus
  • Involves processing, and storing of memories
  • Learn information and retain it
  • Amygdala
  • Deals with anger, fear and arousal [EMOTION]
  • Pituitary Gland
  • Promotes Growth
What is the Cerebral Cortex?
  • Made up of Densely packed neurons that we call (gray matter)
  • Control and Processing center
What are Wrinkles in relation to the brain?
  • Fisher, folds in the brain
The Brain
  • The brain is divided into two hemispheres
  • LEFT HEMISPHERE
  • Logical and Sequential tasks
  • RIGHT HEMISPHERE
  • Special and creative tasks
LOBES
Frontal Lobe
  • Located behind the forehead (Speaking, muscle movements, making plans and judgements)
  • Sends signals to our bodies coordinating muscle movements
  • Broca's Areas
  • Responsible for controlling muscles that produce speech
  • Broca's Aphasia
  • Image result for brain lobesUnable to make movements to talk
Parietal Lobe
  • Located at the top and rear of the Cerebral Cortex
  • Sensory Cortex
  • Contains the Parietal Lobe
  • Receives incoming touch sensations from the rest of the body
  • Most of the Parietal Lobes are made up of association areas.
What is an Association Area? (Highly Functioning)
  • Any area that is not associated with receiving sensory information or coordinating muscle movement.
Occipital Lobe
  • Deals with vision
  • Contains the Visual Cortex
  • Located in the back of the head
  • Visual Cortex
  • Interprets messages from the eyes into images we can understand
Temporal Lobe
  • Processes sound that is sensed by the ear
  • Located just above the ears
What is Auditory Cortex?
  • Used for hearing and processing sound (Function)
Wernicke's Area
  • Processes sound and interprets written and spoken speech
Wernicke's Aphasia
  • Unable to understand language.
  • The syntax and grammar is jumbled.


UNIT IV: THE BRAIN

SENSORY NEURONS/ MOTOR NEURONS/ INTERNEURONS SENSORY OR AFFERENT NEURONS Taking information from the senses to the brain. EX...